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By Marco Lendi, Dr. Heinz Wagner, Dr. Peter Wuhrmann, and Randy Turner, Swan Analytical

Proper measurement of pH is a key factor of corrosion risk surveillance in water-steam cycles. Since it still seems to be difficult to measure the sample pH directly with glass electrodes, pH calculation, using the difference of sample conductivity before and after a strong acid ion exchanger, is a frequently used alternative.

Both sodium and calcium sorbents have been used as dry sorbents for the mitigation of acid gas for the past 30 years with great success. “Calcium (lime-based) sorbents vs. sodium (sorbents)” itemizes the fundamental differences, pros and cons between them, and the properties that make sodium bicarbonate and trona well-suited for air pollution control.

Smart electro-pneumatic positioners form the vital link between the control system and the valve. Electro-pneumatic positioners from ABB incorporates auto-adjust to reduce commissioning time and an adaption program provides for optimal control of the position until set point is reached.

Being a leader in the worldwide heat exchanger repair business for almost 40 years, you tend to notice trends that happen from time to time. One trend that is occurring more frequently of late is the vintage of the exchangers that are in need of repair. In the past few years there has been an increase of premature tube failures on heat exchangers that are only a couple years old.

The QL320 is a system designed with Providence Photonics’ new Quantitative Optical Gas Imaging (qOGI) technology that works solely with FLIR GFx320 or FLIR GF320 cameras. With this partnership, surveyors can measure mass leak rates or volumetric leak rates for most hydrocarbons. With usage capabilities at a variety of distances, operators can monitor hard to reach areas and storage tanks from a safe location.

The natural gas industry’s embrace of new technologies is driven by many factors, among them: the need for more efficient operation, the desire to improve worker safety, and an eagerness to be responsible corporate citizens. Continuous methane gas monitoring is vital to responsible corporate citizenship and, increasingly, regulatory compliance for oil and gas operators.

As a complement to optical gas imaging (OGI), thermal cameras provide value through improved safety and operational efficiency in a variety of non-gas imaging applications, such as electrical/mechanical, security, tank inspection, and flare stack monitoring.

Tessenderlo Kerley International, a chemical group that supplies value-added liquid, soluble, and solid plant nutrition for agriculture applications with a focus on the production of potassium sulfate, relies on third parties to inspect for leaks of natural gas at their site on a regular basis. This case study follows the company as it tested an uncooled optical gas imaging camera during a leak detection job.

Gasification is a promising technology for generating energy. At ISAB Energy, located in the vicinity of Priolo (Sicily), gasifiers are used to convert residual oil fuel into energy under high temperatures. To make sure this process runs smoothly and safely, thermal cameras are continuously monitoring the skin temperature of gasification vessels.

Monitoring the integrity of hundreds of kilometers of oil or gas pipeline networks may seem like a daunting task at first, but fortunately, technology can take over many of the labor-intensive tasks. Canadian video analytics specialist IntelliView knows the demands of oil and gas pipeline operators all too well. The company recently developed a smart camera solution to remotely monitor oil pump stations for leaks in an automated way.

The natural gas industry’s embrace of new technologies is driven by many factors, among them: the need for more efficient operation, the desire to improve worker safety, and an eagerness to be responsible corporate citizens. Continuous methane gas monitoring is vital to responsible corporate citizenship and, increasingly, regulatory compliance for oil and gas operators.

As a complement to optical gas imaging (OGI), thermal cameras provide value through improved safety and operational efficiency in a variety of non-gas imaging applications, such as electrical/mechanical, security, tank inspection, and flare stack monitoring.

Tessenderlo Kerley International, a chemical group that supplies value-added liquid, soluble, and solid plant nutrition for agriculture applications with a focus on the production of potassium sulfate, relies on third parties to inspect for leaks of natural gas at their site on a regular basis. This case study follows the company as it tested an uncooled optical gas imaging camera during a leak detection job.

Gas pipelines and other infrastructures that process sour gases need to be continuously monitored for leaks as contaminant gases are often dangerous for human exposure. This article explores the combination of UAV and optical gas imaging technologies as an efficient way of monitoring vast gas fields from the air.

Optical gas imaging (OGI) technologies enable the oil and gas industry to incorporate a safer and more efficient 'Smart LDAR' (leak detection and repair) program where inspectors can detect fugitive emissions and leaks much faster, leading to prompt repairs, reduced industrial emissions, and greater conformity to regulations.

By Shane Rogers, IntelliView, and Craig O’Neill, FLIR

Continuous methane gas monitoring is vital to responsible corporate citizenship and, increasingly, regulatory compliance for oil and gas operators.

The patented CTI tube liner is a tube repair method developed for those condensers and heat exchangers that suffer from full-length erosion/corrosion, pitting, general wall thinning and/or an overage of plugged tubes

By ABB Measurement & Analytics

Level measurement is critical to handle the crude oil safely and securely so that it proceeds to refinement while keeping our world safe. The production of petroleum in all of its different states requires different types and sizes of tanks at different stages. Crude oil is the naturally occurring liquid form of petroleum.

By Siemens Process Instrumentation

Digitalization of the municipal water treatment industry is fragmented today, with instrumentation, control, and automation technologies mixed with manual operational activities. Such infrastructures can be detrimental in cases of hydro-geological events, such as severe storms and earthquakes. The good news: When natural disasters strike, digitalization can help get municipal water treatment back online quickly and effectively.

By Nick Voss, McCrometer

A regional light crude pipeline operator in the mountain states of the U.S. was looking for an economical, accurate method to measure crude inventory flow within its pumping stations. The pipeline operator specializes in transporting partially processed crude to other lines or main terminals.

By Magnetrol International

Many thermal mass flow meters are of the insertion type. As a starting point, proper insertion depth and straight run per the manufacturer’s recommendations should be adhered to. There will also be a flow arrow located on the probe or flange depending on the process connection. This is because thermal mass flow meters are calibrated in one direction and are only accurate in the direction for which they were calibrated. If not installed properly, it can still measure and be repeatable, but accuracy will be affected.

By Endress+Hauser, Inc.

Produced water refers to any water brought up to the surface during oil and gas production, typically as the result of drilling, exploration, and hydraulic fracturing. Before disposing or reusing the water, it must be treated to extract hydrocarbons and satisfy environmental code regulations. The sheer volume alone of produced water shows its importance to the hydrocarbon recovery process. Already an 18-billion-dollar process in the U.S. alone, the significance of being precise and efficient in water treatment is becoming more and more prominent in these applications. 

By Steffen Baecker, KROHNE, Inc.

During the last decade manufacturers have been launching larger Coriolis mass flow meters to satisfy the requirement for mass flow measurement in larger line sizes for bulk fluid transfer applications in oil and gas, chemical, or petrochemical industry segments. The high-performance mass flow and density accuracy specifications of the Coriolis flow meters have made this technology become more and more popular. Until now, there were very few manufacturers producing larger line size Coriolis flow meters in the market.

Siemens offers a comprehensive range of process instruments for pressure, temperature, flow, and level measurement. Pneumatic valve positioners, process controllers, process recorders, and process protection devices complete the package.

To meet China’s growing need for electric power generation, the Guohua Ninghai Power Plant has a total planned operating capacity of 4 x 600 MW [Phase 1]. The plant is located south of Shanghai in Ninghai township, Ningbo city, Zhejiang province, and serves the electric power needs in the region.

CTI Industries is a global technical service company that specializes in the restoration of steam condenser and heat exchanger repair. The repair techniques used by CTI are based on offering cost-effective solutions for equipment life extension, beginning with the "sleeving" of heat exchanger tubes.

By Yougen Kong and Michael Wood, SOLVAir Solutions, Solvay Chemicals, Inc.

While many sites use sodium sorbents for removal of HCl, and many others for removing SO2 or other acid gases, there is a paucity of publicly available data on the removal of HCl in the presence of SO2, especially in the case of coal-fired power generation. SOLVAir Solutions conducted controlled pilot tests using CAPP coal, which demonstrates the selectivity of sodium sorbents to remove HCl in a medium to high sulfur environment. 

The robust vortex flow meters FSV400 provide reliable measurement of liquid, gas, and steam and are available in flange-mount and wafer-type designs.

Monitor for continuous measurement of dissolved hydrogen in water steam cycles. Flow cell QV-Flow PMMA OTG is made of acrylic glass with needle valve and digital sample flow meter on mounting angle made of stainless steel.

By FTI Flow Technology, Inc.

Massive construction projects require a continuous source of concrete to be poured as rapidly as possible. However, trucking in premix is not an option for such large projects. Concrete must be continuously mixed on-site and delivered via conveyor rapidly to the pour site. Accurate and reliable measurement of water is a must for these continuous mix concrete plants.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

The gas detection camera technique has a wide range of potential uses in the petrochemical industry, all of which have positive benefits for the owner of the plant. It is an accepted alternate work practice in the Method 21 leak detection procedure and has clear time and cost benefits over the conventional VOC meter or sniffer method. Although limited to a certain extent by environmental conditions, the camera has proven many times that it can identify leaks at some distance, thereby reducing the cost of surveys by removing the requirement to provide access to every potential leak path.

By Michael Robinson, projects, solutions, and services marketing manager, Endress+Hauser

In modern tank and terminal facilities, material transfer operations include a mix of legacy processing systems still in use, new technologies installed to improve operations, and tank monitoring software. But some older facilities have not modernized their operations and can be losing millions of dollars in unaccounted losses, especially if they are dispensing more materials to customers than they are getting paid for. Conversely, errors can be made in the other direction, shortchanging and overcharging customers, leading to loss of business and other issues.

The Fox Model FT4A measures gas flow rate in standard units without the need for temperature or pressure compensation. It provides an isolated 4 to 20 mA output (with a HART option) and a selection of pulse or RS485 Modbus RTU.

It is safe to assume that all plant engineers are aware of the extreme financial penalties and, more importantly, the potential dangers associated with heat exchanger tube failures.

The MCP series of polarimeters builds on a long tradition, beginning in the 1980s with the first Gyromat series developed and distributed by Dr. Kernchen GmbH. MCP 300/500 has been designed with the user in mind. The built-in software supports intuitive menu navigation, and the user is guided through calibration step-by-step.

By McCrometer, Inc.

To combat production declines at aging oil wells, oil and gas companies turn to enhanced oil recovery to optimize output. Some of those methods are dependent on collecting CO2 from gas operations and holding it underground — also known as carbon capture and storage — until needed. The ability to accurately measure CO2 in these processes is critical.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

This article covers the different methods and scientific techniques behind optical gas imaging including how the detectors operate, cooling methods, and image normalization. Additional topics include spectral adaptation, gas infrared absorption spectra, gas stream visualization, and key concepts for making gas clouds visible.

By CTI Industries

This paper describes utility experience with a tube sleeving technique used for extending the remaining life of two heaters that have been rapidly degrading.

The TALYS ASP400 series is designed to offer a simple base analyzer with a complete range of sampling interfaces suitable for a variety of hydrocarbon and other process streams.

De Nora Water Technologies’ SANILEC 6 system generates sodium hypochlorite wherever and whenever disinfection is required. These lightweight, extremely portable systems are designed for use in rural or isolated locations where water purification, waste treatment, or surface disinfection is required.

The QEM Series in-line ultrasonic flow meter has been specifically designed for applications that require excellent accuracy and reliability at an OEM price point. The compact QEM Series has no moving parts; this results in a very rugged, reliable, and accurate flow meter. The small footprint, lightweight device is ideal for low-viscosity liquid applications including water-based products, oils, and its plastic and stainless steel construction makes it the meter of choice for many corrosive fluids.

By ABB Measurement & Analytics

Many coal-fired power plants measure various pressures associated with their coal pulverizing mills. A certain "sweet spot" of pressure indicates smooth and proper operation of the mill, as well as the exhauster ductwork. If the pressure drops, the mill could be plugged or the fuel supply cut short. Higher than normal pressure may indicate plugging of downstream coal ducts leading to the furnace. Improper pressures often lead to flame instability, productivity losses, and pollution.

This presentation outlines good design practices for trona or sodium bicarbonate dry injection systems, for the elimination of SO2, SO3, HCl, HF, NOx, and mercury. It details unloading product, silo design, material conveying, and injection location, and summarizes a good DSI design system.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

The gas detection camera technique has a wide range of potential uses in the electrical distribution and chemical industries, all of which have positive benefits for the owner of the plant. It is an accepted Alternate Work Practice in the Method 21 leak detection procedure and has clear time, safety, and cost benefits over the conventional VOC meter or sniffer method. Although limited to a certain extent by environmental conditions, the camera is proven to identify leaks at some distance. This reduces the cost of surveys by removing the requirement to provide access to every potential leak path and permitting surveys to be completed on energized electrical equipment.

By KROHNE, Inc.

In nearly every industry, operators use solids level measurement to track and monitor material stored in large vessels, silos, or tanks. They need to know the value of their inventory and to be able to conduct process monitoring. Key examples include corn milling, grains and powders, cement, wood chips, and even sand used for oil and gas drilling applications. Solids can be challenging to gauge. There are numerous available measuring methods, with varying degrees of accuracy. 

By Fox Thermal Instruments, Inc.

Coal mines must monitor and report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to comply with the EPA's Title 40 CFR Part 98 Subpart FF. Fox Gas Flow Meters can measure the flow of GHG emissions for reporting purposes.

For more than 35 years, De Nora Water Technologies has offered seawater electrochlorination systems to economically and safely produce a powerful biocide and disinfecting agent for marine, offshore, and industrial applications.

The need for interface measurement arises whenever immiscible liquids — those incapable of mixing — reside within the same vessel. The lighter material rises to the top, and the heavier material settles at the bottom.

The MT5000 features a graphic display with waveform screen, the widest selection of wetted materials, and radar signals travel along the waveguide. It eliminates false echoes and minimizes signal loss.

By McCrometer, Inc.

To combat production declines at aging oil wells, oil and gas companies turn to enhanced oil recovery to optimize output. Some of those methods are dependent on collecting CO2 from gas operations and holding it underground — also known as carbon capture and storage — until needed. The ability to accurately measure CO2 in these processes is critical.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

This article covers the different methods and scientific techniques behind optical gas imaging including how the detectors operate, cooling methods, and image normalization. Additional topics include spectral adaptation, gas infrared absorption spectra, gas stream visualization, and key concepts for making gas clouds visible.

By CTI Industries

This paper describes utility experience with a tube sleeving technique used for extending the remaining life of two heaters that have been rapidly degrading.

The TALYS ASP400 series is designed to offer a simple base analyzer with a complete range of sampling interfaces suitable for a variety of hydrocarbon and other process streams.

De Nora Water Technologies’ SANILEC 6 system generates sodium hypochlorite wherever and whenever disinfection is required. These lightweight, extremely portable systems are designed for use in rural or isolated locations where water purification, waste treatment, or surface disinfection is required.

The QEM Series in-line ultrasonic flow meter has been specifically designed for applications that require excellent accuracy and reliability at an OEM price point. The compact QEM Series has no moving parts; this results in a very rugged, reliable, and accurate flow meter. The small footprint, lightweight device is ideal for low-viscosity liquid applications including water-based products, oils, and its plastic and stainless steel construction makes it the meter of choice for many corrosive fluids.

The natural gas industry’s embrace of new technologies is driven by many factors, among them: the need for more efficient operation, the desire to improve worker safety, and an eagerness to be responsible corporate citizens. Continuous methane gas monitoring is vital to responsible corporate citizenship and, increasingly, regulatory compliance for oil and gas operators.

This webinar is meant to offer a better understanding of the similarities and differences in cooled and uncooled optimal gas imaging (OGI) cameras. Topics discussed will include the science behind the two types of cameras as well as the differences in gas contrast and sensitivity.

Optical gas imaging (OGI) infrared cameras offer a fast, non-contact means of detecting fugitive gas emissions on worksites from a safe distance. This guide book discusses OGI camera operation, the types of gases they can visualize, and the variety of industries and applications where these cameras may be of use. Additional topics include the comparison of longwave and midwave gas detection cameras, OGI detector operation, gases detected, tips and techniques, as well as survey safety.

This article covers the different methods and scientific techniques behind optical gas imaging including how the detectors operate, cooling methods, and image normalization. Additional topics include spectral adaptation, gas infrared absorption spectra, gas stream visualization, and key concepts for making gas clouds visible.

Optical gas imaging (OGI) technologies enable the oil and gas industry to incorporate a safer and more efficient 'Smart LDAR' (Leak Detection and Repair) program where inspectors can detect fugitive emissions and leaks much faster. OGI saves money, not only through efficiency, but also by improving the safety of company personnel and assets. This article offers 10 tips that will help you get the most out of OGI cameras.

Dry injection of sodium bicarbonate or trona is a low-cost solution for HCl mitigation. In a DSI system, sodium bicarbonate or trona is injected directly into hot flue gas. After injection, the sorbent is calcined into porous sodium carbonate. DSI systems using sodium bicarbonate in Europe have shown that over 99 percent of HCl and 95 percent of SO2 removal have been achieved.

The FPD580 range of stack gas flow metering solutions will, when combined with an appropriate ABB gas analyzer, form a complete CEMS package for the measurement of mass flow rate of pollutants into the environment. 

By Allen Kugi, Fluid Components International

Accurately measuring the flow and level of the various liquids and gases that travel through a process industry plant is a critical function for effective and efficient plant operations.

ABB's new Navigator 600 silica analyzer substantially reduces the amount of reagents and maintenance generally associated with silica analysis, while providing accurate and reliable silica monitoring.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

FLIR optical gas imaging cameras allow smaller volatile organic compound (VOC) leaks to be detected from a safe, nonhazardous area. The most important criteria to achieve this are the camera’s detector and sensitivity.

By Siemens Energy, Inc. - Water Solutions

Jiujiang, a city of five million people, borders the edge of the Yangtze River as well as Poyang Lake, each China’s largest. To the east of the city’s residential districts, midway on a peninsula separating the two bodies of water, sits the giant petrochemical complex of the Sinopec Jiujiang Company, a subsidiary of the Sinopec Corporation, the nation’s largest refiner. Nearly 3,000 people work there.

By Fluid Components International

Flow meter calibration should never be taken for granted, and thermal mass flow meters are no exception. Flow meters can be built with the highest safety ratings, features, and functions, and the most industrially robust sensor technology, but if the calibration is inaccurate or subject to uncertainty due to an equivalency-based calibration or simulation methods, rather than an "actual" fluid calibration, then the device could produce unsatisfactory performance issues.

The QCT Series in-line ultrasonic flow meters have been specifically designed for applications that require excellent accuracy and reliability at an economical price point. The compact QCT Series has no moving parts, nonwetted sensors, and there is nothing in the flow stream that will cause an increase in pressure drop; this results in a very rugged, reliable, and accurate flow meter.

Periodic flow measurement tests on brine disposal lines at the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) used to be a lengthy procedure for divers on the sea floor that often produced less than satisfactory results. In this case study, learn how DM Petroleum Operations Company introduced the FPI Mag Flow Meter to replace problematic pitot tube meters and improve flow measurement accuracy. 

Endress+Hauser is committed to your business, for improved plant performance. When considering instrumentation services, just tell us what you need to help you reach your goals.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

The gas detection camera technique has a wide range of potential uses in the electrical distribution and chemical industries, all of which have positive benefits for the owner of the plant. It is an accepted Alternate Work Practice in the Method 21 leak detection procedure and has clear time, safety, and cost benefits over the conventional VOC meter or sniffer method. Although limited to a certain extent by environmental conditions, the camera is proven to identify leaks at some distance. This reduces the cost of surveys by removing the requirement to provide access to every potential leak path and permitting surveys to be completed on energized electrical equipment.

By KROHNE, Inc.

In nearly every industry, operators use solids level measurement to track and monitor material stored in large vessels, silos, or tanks. They need to know the value of their inventory and to be able to conduct process monitoring. Key examples include corn milling, grains and powders, cement, wood chips, and even sand used for oil and gas drilling applications. Solids can be challenging to gauge. There are numerous available measuring methods, with varying degrees of accuracy. 

By Fox Thermal Instruments, Inc.

Coal mines must monitor and report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in order to comply with the EPA's Title 40 CFR Part 98 Subpart FF. Fox Gas Flow Meters can measure the flow of GHG emissions for reporting purposes.

For more than 35 years, De Nora Water Technologies has offered seawater electrochlorination systems to economically and safely produce a powerful biocide and disinfecting agent for marine, offshore, and industrial applications.

The need for interface measurement arises whenever immiscible liquids — those incapable of mixing — reside within the same vessel. The lighter material rises to the top, and the heavier material settles at the bottom.

The MT5000 features a graphic display with waveform screen, the widest selection of wetted materials, and radar signals travel along the waveguide. It eliminates false echoes and minimizes signal loss.

The natural gas industry’s embrace of new technologies is driven by many factors, among them: the need for more efficient operation, the desire to improve worker safety, and an eagerness to be responsible corporate citizens. Continuous methane gas monitoring is vital to responsible corporate citizenship and, increasingly, regulatory compliance for oil and gas operators.

This webinar is meant to offer a better understanding of the similarities and differences in cooled and uncooled optimal gas imaging (OGI) cameras. Topics discussed will include the science behind the two types of cameras as well as the differences in gas contrast and sensitivity.

Optical gas imaging (OGI) infrared cameras offer a fast, non-contact means of detecting fugitive gas emissions on worksites from a safe distance. This guide book discusses OGI camera operation, the types of gases they can visualize, and the variety of industries and applications where these cameras may be of use. Additional topics include the comparison of longwave and midwave gas detection cameras, OGI detector operation, gases detected, tips and techniques, as well as survey safety.

This article covers the different methods and scientific techniques behind optical gas imaging including how the detectors operate, cooling methods, and image normalization. Additional topics include spectral adaptation, gas infrared absorption spectra, gas stream visualization, and key concepts for making gas clouds visible.

Optical gas imaging (OGI) technologies enable the oil and gas industry to incorporate a safer and more efficient 'Smart LDAR' (Leak Detection and Repair) program where inspectors can detect fugitive emissions and leaks much faster. OGI saves money, not only through efficiency, but also by improving the safety of company personnel and assets. This article offers 10 tips that will help you get the most out of OGI cameras.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

FLIR optical gas imaging cameras allow smaller volatile organic compound (VOC) leaks to be detected from a safe, nonhazardous area. The most important criteria to achieve this are the camera’s detector and sensitivity.

By Siemens Energy, Inc. - Water Solutions

Jiujiang, a city of five million people, borders the edge of the Yangtze River as well as Poyang Lake, each China’s largest. To the east of the city’s residential districts, midway on a peninsula separating the two bodies of water, sits the giant petrochemical complex of the Sinopec Jiujiang Company, a subsidiary of the Sinopec Corporation, the nation’s largest refiner. Nearly 3,000 people work there.

By Fluid Components International

Flow meter calibration should never be taken for granted, and thermal mass flow meters are no exception. Flow meters can be built with the highest safety ratings, features, and functions, and the most industrially robust sensor technology, but if the calibration is inaccurate or subject to uncertainty due to an equivalency-based calibration or simulation methods, rather than an "actual" fluid calibration, then the device could produce unsatisfactory performance issues.

The QCT Series in-line ultrasonic flow meters have been specifically designed for applications that require excellent accuracy and reliability at an economical price point. The compact QCT Series has no moving parts, nonwetted sensors, and there is nothing in the flow stream that will cause an increase in pressure drop; this results in a very rugged, reliable, and accurate flow meter.

Periodic flow measurement tests on brine disposal lines at the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) used to be a lengthy procedure for divers on the sea floor that often produced less than satisfactory results. In this case study, learn how DM Petroleum Operations Company introduced the FPI Mag Flow Meter to replace problematic pitot tube meters and improve flow measurement accuracy. 

Endress+Hauser is committed to your business, for improved plant performance. When considering instrumentation services, just tell us what you need to help you reach your goals.

By Fluid Components International

Flow meter calibration should never be taken for granted, and thermal mass flow meters are no exception. Flow meters can be built with the highest safety ratings, features and functions, and the most industrially robust sensor technology, but if the calibration is inaccurate or subject to uncertainty due to an equivalency-based calibration or simulation methods rather than an "actual" fluid calibration, then the device could produce unsatisfactory performance issues.

Petrochemical plants usually handle invisible gaseous hydrocarbons that could pose safety issues. Leak detection is of vital importance, especially when these gases are toxic, highly flammable, or have a negative impact on the environment. This case study describes how the Borealis high-pressure, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plant in Stenungsund, Sweden, uses FLIR optical gas imaging cameras for gas leak detection at a distance and in hard-to-access locations.

By Jacob Ethen, City of St. Cloud, and Steve Cox, Fluid Components International (FCI)

The City of St. Cloud, Minnesota, straddles the Mississippi River near the center of the state a little more than 65 miles north of the twin cities of Minneapolis-St. Paul. The city’s forward-thinking staff began looking for sustainable green energy solutions in 2003. After planning and initiating a series of projects over several years, the site is today producing renewable energy with a 20 kW rooftop solar array, a 220 kW solar array, and biofuels electricity generation.

The TTF300 HART temperature transmitter in proven two-wire technology features a multitude of new functions and enhanced diagnostic information. The driver-independent configuration possibilities of the TTF300 are new and unique through the LCD display controlled by temperature transmitter and the DSV401 (SMART VISION) device management tool or the FDT/DTM technology.

The natural gas industry’s embrace of new technologies is driven by many factors, among them: the need for more efficient operation, the desire to improve worker safety, and an eagerness to be responsible corporate citizens. Continuous methane gas monitoring is vital to responsible corporate citizenship and, increasingly, regulatory compliance for oil and gas operators.

As a complement to optical gas imaging (OGI), thermal cameras provide value through improved safety and operational efficiency in a variety of non-gas imaging applications, such as electrical/mechanical, security, tank inspection, and flare stack monitoring.

Tessenderlo Kerley International, a chemical group that supplies value-added liquid, soluble, and solid plant nutrition for agriculture applications with a focus on the production of potassium sulfate, relies on third parties to inspect for leaks of natural gas at their site on a regular basis. This case study follows the company as it tested an uncooled optical gas imaging camera during a leak detection job.

Gas pipelines and other infrastructures that process sour gases need to be continuously monitored for leaks as contaminant gases are often dangerous for human exposure. This article explores the combination of UAV and optical gas imaging technologies as an efficient way of monitoring vast gas fields from the air.

Optical gas imaging (OGI) technologies enable the oil and gas industry to incorporate a safer and more efficient 'Smart LDAR' (leak detection and repair) program where inspectors can detect fugitive emissions and leaks much faster, leading to prompt repairs, reduced industrial emissions, and greater conformity to regulations.

By ABB Measurement & Analytics

Selecting the right technology for a flow measurement application can be a daunting task. In the case that several technologies will work for a particular application, minimizing energy costs can help narrow the selection. This article discusses ways to assess the energy costs associated with a particular flow meter technology to inform your decision.

By Magnetrol International

Although approvals like the German Federal Water Act (WHG) obtained from TUV, or the Flemish Regulation on Environment (VLAREM), certify overfill-proof protection, defined as the tested, reliable operation when the transmitter is used as overfill alarm, it is assumed in the analysis that the installation is designed in such a way that the vessel or side-mounted cage will not physically overfill.

By Jim DeLee, Fluid Components International

Engineers and technicians looking to optimizing their process for productive operation can start with the pump and protecting the pump against common hazards. Pump protection improves end-product or batch quality, reduces material costs, eliminates waste, and lowers maintenance costs. Taking good care of your pump delivers a positive payback.

Errors associated with the calibration of flow meters for natural gas service can be costly, but can also be mitigated using an advanced flow meter design that allows field-adjustment of the natural gas composition without loss of accuracy.

The QLF Series inline ultrasonic flow meter has been specifically designed for low flow rate applications that require excellent accuracy and reliability. The compact QLF Series has no moving parts, non-wetted sensors and no obstructions in the flow stream to cause an increase in pressure drop; this results in a very rugged, reliable, and accurate flow meter.

The V-Cone Flow Meter is an advanced differential pressure instrument, which is ideal for use with liquid, steam, or gas media in rugged conditions where accuracy, low maintenance, and cost are important.

By FTI Flow Technology, Inc.

Massive construction projects require a continuous source of concrete to be poured as rapidly as possible. However, trucking in premix is not an option for such large projects. Concrete must be continuously mixed on-site and delivered via conveyor rapidly to the pour site. Accurate and reliable measurement of water is a must for these continuous mix concrete plants.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

The gas detection camera technique has a wide range of potential uses in the petrochemical industry, all of which have positive benefits for the owner of the plant. It is an accepted alternate work practice in the Method 21 leak detection procedure and has clear time and cost benefits over the conventional VOC meter or sniffer method. Although limited to a certain extent by environmental conditions, the camera has proven many times that it can identify leaks at some distance, thereby reducing the cost of surveys by removing the requirement to provide access to every potential leak path.

By Michael Robinson, projects, solutions, and services marketing manager, Endress+Hauser

In modern tank and terminal facilities, material transfer operations include a mix of legacy processing systems still in use, new technologies installed to improve operations, and tank monitoring software. But some older facilities have not modernized their operations and can be losing millions of dollars in unaccounted losses, especially if they are dispensing more materials to customers than they are getting paid for. Conversely, errors can be made in the other direction, shortchanging and overcharging customers, leading to loss of business and other issues.

The Fox Model FT4A measures gas flow rate in standard units without the need for temperature or pressure compensation. It provides an isolated 4 to 20 mA output (with a HART option) and a selection of pulse or RS485 Modbus RTU.

It is safe to assume that all plant engineers are aware of the extreme financial penalties and, more importantly, the potential dangers associated with heat exchanger tube failures.

The MCP series of polarimeters builds on a long tradition, beginning in the 1980s with the first Gyromat series developed and distributed by Dr. Kernchen GmbH. MCP 300/500 has been designed with the user in mind. The built-in software supports intuitive menu navigation, and the user is guided through calibration step-by-step.

By ABB Measurement & Analytics

Selecting the right technology for a flow measurement application can be a daunting task. In the case that several technologies will work for a particular application, minimizing energy costs can help narrow the selection. This article discusses ways to assess the energy costs associated with a particular flow meter technology to inform your decision.

By Magnetrol International

Although approvals like the German Federal Water Act (WHG) obtained from TUV, or the Flemish Regulation on Environment (VLAREM), certify overfill-proof protection, defined as the tested, reliable operation when the transmitter is used as overfill alarm, it is assumed in the analysis that the installation is designed in such a way that the vessel or side-mounted cage will not physically overfill.

By Jim DeLee, Fluid Components International

Engineers and technicians looking to optimizing their process for productive operation can start with the pump and protecting the pump against common hazards. Pump protection improves end-product or batch quality, reduces material costs, eliminates waste, and lowers maintenance costs. Taking good care of your pump delivers a positive payback.

Errors associated with the calibration of flow meters for natural gas service can be costly, but can also be mitigated using an advanced flow meter design that allows field-adjustment of the natural gas composition without loss of accuracy.

The QLF Series inline ultrasonic flow meter has been specifically designed for low flow rate applications that require excellent accuracy and reliability. The compact QLF Series has no moving parts, non-wetted sensors and no obstructions in the flow stream to cause an increase in pressure drop; this results in a very rugged, reliable, and accurate flow meter.

The V-Cone Flow Meter is an advanced differential pressure instrument, which is ideal for use with liquid, steam, or gas media in rugged conditions where accuracy, low maintenance, and cost are important.

By Art Womack, Fluid Components International

The accurate, repeatable flow measurement of air and gases is critical to the safe, efficient, and cost-effective operation of turbomachinery and related equipment in the electric power generation, oil and gas production and refining, and other industries. Choosing the wrong air/gas flow meter sensing technology can have significant consequences.

Re-engineered and taken back to technical fundamentals, the Endura AZ Range saves you time, money, and disruption. From rugged enclosure design, self-diagnostic electronics, and auto-calibration, to common component advantages combined with proven, innovatively applied technologies, the result delivers solutions that are easy to specify, install, configure, maintain, and use.

The natural gas industry’s embrace of new technologies is driven by many factors, among them: the need for more efficient operation, the desire to improve worker safety, and an eagerness to be responsible corporate citizens. Continuous methane gas monitoring is vital to responsible corporate citizenship and, increasingly, regulatory compliance for oil and gas operators.

As a complement to optical gas imaging (OGI), thermal cameras provide value through improved safety and operational efficiency in a variety of non-gas imaging applications, such as electrical/mechanical, security, tank inspection, and flare stack monitoring.

Tessenderlo Kerley International, a chemical group that supplies value-added liquid, soluble, and solid plant nutrition for agriculture applications with a focus on the production of potassium sulfate, relies on third parties to inspect for leaks of natural gas at their site on a regular basis. This case study follows the company as it tested an uncooled optical gas imaging camera during a leak detection job.

Gasification is a promising technology for generating energy. At ISAB Energy, located in the vicinity of Priolo (Sicily), gasifiers are used to convert residual oil fuel into energy under high temperatures. To make sure this process runs smoothly and safely, thermal cameras are continuously monitoring the skin temperature of gasification vessels.

Monitoring the integrity of hundreds of kilometers of oil or gas pipeline networks may seem like a daunting task at first, but fortunately, technology can take over many of the labor-intensive tasks. Canadian video analytics specialist IntelliView knows the demands of oil and gas pipeline operators all too well. The company recently developed a smart camera solution to remotely monitor oil pump stations for leaks in an automated way.

By FTI Flow Technology, Inc.

Hot rolling processes involve starting with steel slabs 8 to 9 inches thick and up to 36 feet long, then rolling them into strips as thin as 1/16 inch and up to a half mile in length. it is important to descale the steel throughout the process to maintain the desired quality.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

As awareness of leaks within biogas facilities has grown, gas camera technology has also increased in use in order to easily show leaks. This application note explains how the FLIR GF320 was used to assess leakage in biogas facilities.

By McCrometer, Inc.

Due to the dynamics of liquids and gases flowing through elbows, valves, pumps, and other pipeline structures, every flow-meter methodology has its own design limitations. Unlike Venturi meters, pitot tubes, orifice plates, and other devices, V-Cone meters provide highly accurate and reliable readings with minimal straight-pipe length restrictions and virtually no maintenance, in pipe sizes up to 120 inches.

The FLT93S insertion type FlexSwitch for flow and temperature monitoring represents the first true technological breakthrough in thermal technology in over a decade.

Fox Thermal Instruments manufactures highly accurate and repeatable gas flow meters for the oil and gas industry. The Model FT4X was designed for use in upstream oil and gas flare and vent gas applications. Accuracy is compliant with BLM 3175. 

Many oil producing wells require an artificial lift to increase the flow of fluids as the reservoir pressure is not high enough. Typically, electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are used, but these pumps are not always operating efficiently and can cause costly downtime for operators.

By FTI Flow Technology, Inc.

Hot rolling processes involve starting with steel slabs 8 to 9 inches thick and up to 36 feet long, then rolling them into strips as thin as 1/16 inch and up to a half mile in length. it is important to descale the steel throughout the process to maintain the desired quality.

By FLIR Systems, Inc - Optical Gas Imaging

As awareness of leaks within biogas facilities has grown, gas camera technology has also increased in use in order to easily show leaks. This application note explains how the FLIR GF320 was used to assess leakage in biogas facilities.

By McCrometer, Inc.

Due to the dynamics of liquids and gases flowing through elbows, valves, pumps, and other pipeline structures, every flow-meter methodology has its own design limitations. Unlike Venturi meters, pitot tubes, orifice plates, and other devices, V-Cone meters provide highly accurate and reliable readings with minimal straight-pipe length restrictions and virtually no maintenance, in pipe sizes up to 120 inches.

The FLT93S insertion type FlexSwitch for flow and temperature monitoring represents the first true technological breakthrough in thermal technology in over a decade.

Fox Thermal Instruments manufactures highly accurate and repeatable gas flow meters for the oil and gas industry. The Model FT4X was designed for use in upstream oil and gas flare and vent gas applications. Accuracy is compliant with BLM 3175. 

Many oil producing wells require an artificial lift to increase the flow of fluids as the reservoir pressure is not high enough. Typically, electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are used, but these pumps are not always operating efficiently and can cause costly downtime for operators.

While many sites use sodium sorbents for removal of HCl, and many others for removing SO₂ or other acid gases, there is a scarcity of publicly available data on the removal of HCl in the presence of SO₂, especially in the case of coal-fired power generation. SOLVAir Solutions conducted controlled pilot tests using CAPP coal which demonstrates the selectivity of sodium sorbents to remove HCl in a medium to high sulfur environment.

The ScreenMaster RVG200 is a secure, easy-to-use paperless recorder. Up to 24 process signals can be connected directly to the RVG200's analog inputs or transferred to it via digital communications. All process data, including alarm conditions, math calculation results, and totalizer values, are displayed clearly to the operator and archived securely in an encrypted format for review using the accompanying DataManager Pro PC software.